Acid Rain :: Free Essay Writer

At the point when thought of corrosive downpour, a few people may consider green, consuming corrosive tumbling from the sky, decimating everything in sight. This might be somewhat silly and difficult to accept, however as crazy as it sound, it isn't a long way from reality. Corrosive testimony has for quite some time been a subject of discussion in view of the across the board environ-mental harm it is answerable for. As one of the significant aftereffects of air contamination, corrosive downpour can consume metal and limestone structures, drain significant minerals, diminished ripeness of soils, and lower pH in lakes and lakes. For the individuals who dread "the end of the world," corrosive downpour may represent a danger as it makes a terrible situation for both creature and human. What's more, for the individuals who care about our planet, perhaps it is about time we quit annihilating it and give something back to Mother Earth. There are various reasons for corrosive precipitation, a few of these are unimportant and collect into extreme cases. In any case, there are likewise a few sources that are threatening without anyone else, sources, for example, modern emanations. At times, corrosive downpour is caused when mechanical exhaust blend in with dampness in the climate. Acids are then conveyed in mists for significant distances before they are stored through downpour, which demonstrates that woodlands and lakes far away from manufacturing plants might be harmed by corrosive downpour. Another huge reason for corrosive downpour is vehicle exhaust. Exploration has shown that albeit modern emanation compensates for most causes, sulfur dioxide from oil and coal ignition what's more, nitrogen oxides created from vehicle motors have significantly escalated the issue. Electric force plants are additionally to fault for this issue. Late examination has indicated that force plants are responsible for the arrival of in excess of 20 million tons of sulfur Per. 3 dioxide every year. Implying that quite a while from now, there would associate with 30 million tons of corrosive downpour segments in our climate. What's even most exceedingly terrible than corrosive downpour and its causes are the outcomes. Corrosive affidavit can cause various debacles, a portion of the genuine impacts incorporates structure destruction. The marble frieze boards on the Parthenon of Athens for instance, has been changed by corrosive downpour into gypsum. Loosing quite a bit of its subtleties, the outside of the Parthenon is likewise starting to split and drop off. The impacts of corrosive downpour can likewise be found in lakes, waterways, and streams and plant development.

Strategic Internal Communication Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Examine about the Strategic Internal Communication. Answer: Correspondence is the key of accomplishment or disappointment of any change program in a working environment. The representatives in present days face different issues in the working environment because of absence of relational abilities; consequently, the associations need to adopt fitting strategies to illuminate the issues. It is important to build up the correspondence style of the representatives with the goal that they can improve their aptitudes in the work environment. Vital representative correspondence model aided in such case. The vast majority of the associations neglect to include the representatives in the dynamic strategy. These demonstrations demotivate the workers and they can't acknowledge the progressions without any problem. The more grounded correspondence can assist with building a more grounded relationship in the middle of the representatives and businesses. For the viable correspondence, a portion of the methodologies can be taken. The workers need to give fu ll consideration while speaking with others and should have undivided attention ability. While imparting, non-verbal communication assumes the critical job, which makes impact on the others. The outward appearance, elocution, and tome of voice should be firm so others can get everything. Correspondence is the two way process; consequently, everybody needs to participate similarly. In such case, the key correspondence model can support the representatives so they can convey adequately in the working environment with others and hence social decent variety can be overseen. A sound domain should be worked in the working environment with the goal that the representatives can feel roused and can take an interest in the vital worker correspondence work. The businesses can inspire the representatives with the goal that they can effectively partake in various projects that is related by the association to build up the relational abilities. The businesses can utilize up close and personal spe cialized strategy by means of meeting, and messages to speak with the representatives about the new approaches, changes and to share other significant data. In the working environment, the worker inspiration assumes the huge job, which can be improved the correspondence expertise of the representatives. The associations can orchestrate instructional meetings for the representatives so they can build up the aptitudes to modify in the working environment with social assorted variety. Article Quotes: Articles Statements Argenti, P.A., 1998. Vital representative communications.Human Resource Management (1986-1998),37(3-4), p.199. The progressions put focus on todays representatives and make the requirement for an increasingly organized way to deal with worker correspondence. Hutchinson, S., 2014, July. The significance of correspondence in satisfying the vital job of HRM. InMeeting the Challenges of Human Resource Management: A Communication Perspective, Routledge, New York, NY(pp. 16-26). Correspondence is a necessary piece of the technique making process and is commonly viewed as basic to the foundation of a solid HRM framework that takes into account the formation of an authoritative atmosphere conductive to superior. Men, L.R., 2014. Key inward correspondence: Transformational initiative, correspondence channels, and representative satisfaction.Management Communication Quarterly,28(2), pp.264-284. Through a web review of 400 representatives working in medium-sized and enormous partnerships in the United States, the investigation demonstrated that transformational administration emphatically impacts the associations even inward correspondence and worker social fulfillment. Table 1: Quotes References Argenti, P.A., 1998. Vital representative communications.Human Resource Management (1986-1998),37(3-4), p.199. Hutchinson, S., 2014, July. The significance of correspondence in satisfying the vital job of HRM. InMeeting the Challenges of Human Resource Management: A Communication Perspective, Routledge, New York, NY(pp. 16-26). Men, L.R., 2014. Vital inward correspondence: Transformational authority, correspondence channels, and worker fulfillment.

Camp Sunshine 2015 - UGA Undergraduate Admissions

Camp Sunshine 2015 - UGA Undergraduate Admissions Camp Sunshine 2015 It is that time of year again, when I will be away from the blog for a week while I volunteer at Camp Sunshine, a camp for children with cancer. This will be my 20th year volunteering for the summer camp part of Camp Sunshine, and I have had a wonderful time over the years working with this program. This year, I will be a cabin counselor for nine 10-12 year old boys (along with two other volunteers), and I am guessing I will be involved in a great deal of mountain biking, fishing, tennis, gold panning, going up the climbing wall (or just watching as my campers go up), archery, dodgeball, arts and crafts, and a lot of singing. If you have never heard 200+ campers and 150+ volunteers singing and dancing to Peanut Butter Jelly Time, you are missing a great event. So, for the next week or so, I will be out of communication with this blog. Once I am back, I will begin posting/commenting/replying again! Go Dawgs!

Essential components of culture - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1141 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Marketing Essay Type Analytical essay Level High school Did you like this example? A2. (Lowe, R. and Marriott, S., 2006) suggest that most entrepreneurs require certain qualities and experience for surviving in a new and hostile environment. Hofstede, G. (1980) has also differentiated culture in four dimensions: level of power distance, individualism collectivism, masculinity femininity and uncertainty avoidance. Doole and Lowe (2004) show 3 essential components of culture: Beliefs reflecting knowledge and assessments of particular situations and activities, Values regarded what is considered to be appropriate behaviour and Customs concerning behaviour in certain situations. They further explain components like language, religion, education, social organisations, law and politics, response to technology, values and attitudes, etc. Considering from the above indications, the advantages for SMEs moving to markets psychologically and geographically close to them are many-fold. Advantages include: Better understanding of the culture: The region in which an entrepreneur lives or is born in, is often close to him/her, both emotionally and socially. S/he better understands the locales culture, religion, language, customs and beliefs as s/he is brought up in that particular area. S/he also knows the customers and use effective means to satisfy their needs. Government and politics: The entrepreneur successfully understands the rules and regulations, government and political structure, their policies and may also gain government contacts and methods to know better about the local economy of a particular location and its neighbouring places. Knowing the legal procedures/matters and local employee management and their culture is quite easy. Local networks: The entrepreneur recognises and makes profitable relationships and contacts thereby, increasing professional networks subsequently. Family, friends and other social networks also support him/her emotionally and financially. Example: M.A. Yusuff Ali, CEO and founder of Lulu Hypermarkets: An Indian-born founder, who migrated to the Middle East four decades ago but remains an Indian citizen. After gaining experience, understanding how UAEs economy works and doing hard work, he opened the first store in Abu Dhabi in 1995. By the year 2000, his hypermarkets expanded to 11 stores in the rest of UAE. The hypermarkets now expand to more than 25 stores across the Middle East. Alongside his Middle East success, Yusuff Ali has been building business ties back home in India [Source: (Karmali, N., 2013), Forbes.com and Wikipedia]. In April 2013, Lulu Group has launched their operations in the UK with the inauguration of a logistics and packaging centre under the Y International name. (Trade Arabia, 2013) Another example is of Charlie Marshall, founder of the bed brand Loaf. He was asked in an interview about the idea of internationalisation. He replies that even though his company grew rapidly in his home ma rket, the UK market is enormous and although were building a strong and loyal customer following, we havent even scratched the surface. We want to get it right here first and do what were doing really, really well on all levels. Once weve done that, well look to expand into other markets. [Source: https://www.londonlovesbusiness.com/entrepreneurs/fast-growing-businesses-and-sme/meet-the-loafer-whos-built-a-20m-bed-business-in-five-years/7414.article] Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Essential components of culture" essay for you Create order Some challenges faced by SMEs moving to markets that are geographically or psychologically distant: Culture challenges: It is quite difficult to understand a distant markets cultural arrangement. Barriers could include understanding language, culture, religion, customs, beliefs, values, etc. The adjustability trait should also be harnessed to overcome these challenges and at an enterprise level, entrepreneur should normalise culture differences and conflicts (while valuing and respecting individual cultures) to create an effective communication and understanding throughout the enterprise. S/he should also create and follow policies that protect employees from all kinds of discrimination (especially during the recruitment and hiring process). Other challenges include over relying and trusting contacts as the SME may have limited knowledge of the new region, its economy, legal and political functions and bureaucracy. Also, facing discrimination or less attention from the foreign government as compared to the local businesses (in form of barriers or inhibitors) also poses challenges. I believe that the product/manufacturing sector faces more of these (above mentioned) issues. Service (especially internet and B2B) sectors face less issues. Because services provided are intangible and less culture dependant. Some enterprises actually modify their products/manufacturing processes to adapt to the culture. This includes different packaging, ingredients, advertisements, and techniques for different targeted regions customers. For the product/manufacturing sector, lets again take the example of BQ (Example taken from A1): The stores were a huge success and the Beijing store now boasts the highest average customer spend of any store in the world (over  £50). But it is the cultural similarities and differences and how they affected the retailer that are really interesting. The stores look very similar to those in the UK, although they are usually considerably bigger. At 20 000 sq. ft., the Beijing Golden Four Season store is the largest of its kind in the world. Like their UK counterparts, staff wear orange overalls. The products offered are also very similar, although the space devoted to garden products is considerably smaller and the Chinese BQ also sells soft furnishings. But the big difference is that Chinese customers do not want to do-it themselves at all, they prefer to get others to do it for them. The Chinese customers are typically middle class and wealthy. They come to the store to select what they want and get it installed by a professional. The reasons for this are partly cultural and partly economic BQ therefore started to offer more services to customers designers and contractors to install its products. (BQ case study). From the above example, it is clear that BQ didnt learn about their customers culture that they do not like to install DIY products themselves. Rather due to cheap availability of labours and other factors, they like the furnishings to be installed by the professional employees. But BQ learnt this soon enough to help them adapt to this change and eventually satisfy and retain customers. References: Lowe, R. and Marriott, S., (2006) Enterprise: Entrepreneurship and Innovation: Concepts, Contexts and Commercialisation, 1st ed., Taylor and Francis [Online] Available at https://capitadiscovery.co.uk/derby-ac/items/884805 (Accessed: April 12th 2014) Hofstede, G. (1980) Motivation, leadership and organization: do American theories apply abroad, Organizational Dynamics, Vol. 9 No. 1, pp. 42-63 (Accessed: April 12th 2014) Doole, I. and Lowe, R. (2004) International Marketing Strategy: Analysis, Development and Implementation, 4th edn. London: Thomson Learning Karmali, N., 2013, Middle East Retailer Yusuff Ali Emerges As Billionaire, Forbes.com Available at https://www.forbes.com/sites/naazneenkarmali/2013/02/24/middle-east-retailer-yusuff-ali-emerges-as-billionaire/ (Accessed: April 12th 2014) Wikipedia, Lulu Hypermarket, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lulu_Hypermark et (Accessed: April 12th 2014) Trade Arabia, 2013 LuLu opens logistics centre in Birmingham https://www.tradearabia.com/news/RET_233563.html BQ, Case study Available at: https://www.palgrave.com/business/burnsentrepreneurship/students/cases.html Wickham, P.A. (2006), Strategic Entrepreneurship, 4th edition, Financial Times Prentice Hall [On-line] Available at: https://capitadiscovery.co.uk/derby-ac/items/884969 (Accessed: April 10th 2014)

Technology Has On Our Knowledge And Skills - 1464 Words

Every civilization has its forms of the anti-hero within its lore and mythology. However, in today’s society that anti-hero is something that looks each of us in the face every morning when we wake up. It has penetrated almost every aspect of our lives. That anti-hero is technology. I’m calling technology an anti-hero because of the effects that it has on society and the methods it uses are sometime unorthodox. Technology has increased human knowledge and skills throughout the years, however, over that same time it took away older knowledge and skills fundamental to life. In the first section I’m going to address the positive effect of technology has on our knowledge and skills. In the second, I will focus on the negative ways technology affects knowledge and skills and how to mitigate it. Technology has become a driving force within human society whether humans want it to be or not it is there. This presence of technology has increased the amount of knowledge humans can obtain. The advancement in communication that have been developed over the years is one way our knowledge can be expanded. In the past if humans wanted to communicate over long distances they would have to send a runner out which could take weeks or months before it reach the intended person in which case the data would be out of date. Then once the printing press was invented it allowed mass spread of information quickly and cheaply, but it still took awhile for people to acquire the information. Now daysShow MoreRelatedHow Technology Has Changed Our Educational Skills And Knowledge Of The People1154 Words   |  5 Pages2015 Intermediate 02 R/W Changes in Education due to Technology As the world continues to advance, technology has become essential in most countries. In the past, using technology was not common among people like in today’s life. People have been using technology these days in each domain of their lives including entertainment, work, and education. 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Written in Frederick Douglass’s essay, â€Å"Learning to Read†, he describes his extraordinary tale from an uneducated slave to a prominent writer of hisRead MoreHow Communication Skills Can Be Developed By Listening And Understanding Information Essay1471 Words   |  6 PagesCommunication – Communication is perhaps the most looked for skill in an employee which involves elements such as being a productive listener, conveying yourself clearly as well as in writing, conv eying messages to foreigners and depicting a clear and understandable case. 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Infrastructure Free Essays

Is infrastructure a key factor to the growth and stability of the economy? or is it a non-factor and needs not to be maintained and improved to better serve and help improve the economy. Infrastructure in general is the system of transport and communication in a state, region or country. A famous Canadian geographer was once quoted saying, â€Å"†¦ any region which has a well-developed transportation and communication network also enjoys a high degree of economic prosperity†¦ This statement has sparked much controversy between geographers, Politicians, as well as conomists. We will write a custom essay sample on Infrastructure or any similar topic only for you Order Now Question is, is there a link between a well-developed infrastructure and economy prosperity (economy growth)? Without a doubt, there is a direct link. Infrastructure facilitates the basic functions of a society that are necessary to transport resources and people, produce and trade goods, provide essential services and ultimately reduce poverty. The direct link can be understood better by looking at the effects of infrastructure. The drawbacks of poor infrastructure lead to high transport cost especially in landlocked areas, thus the economy gets affected. Employment is low where there is poor infrastructure. Lack of adequate infrastructure perpetuates poverty, because it denies possibilities. Affordability, it is relatively expensive to maintain and build. Due to this factors and the analyses from the department of treasury know is an ideal time to increase our investment because, infrastructure investments have long-term economic benefits and create Jobs in the short run, there is currently a high level of underutilized resources that can be used to improve and expand our infrastructure. The cost of transportation is lowered for American households, there is a strong demand by the public and businesses for dditional transport infrastructure capacity. Long-term economic benefits from infrastructure create Jobs in the short run and this is a crucial and important aspect of growth and economic stability in a country. As much as the infrastructure is important and maintaining it being so expensive, if the economy is not good it is hard to have a developed and well maintained infrastructure system. Research has shown that well-designed infrastructure investments can raise economic growth, productivity, and land values, while also providing significant spillovers to areas such as energy efficiency, public health and manufacturing. Thus to say both infrastructure and economy go hand in hand. They affect each other both negatively and positively. On June 29, 1956 President Dwight Eisenhower signed the federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956 â€Å"The national system of interstate and defense highways† according to Eisenhower the purpose of this was to eliminate unsafe roads, inefficient routes, traffic Jams and all of the other things that got in the way of â€Å"speedy, safe transcontinental travel. † for all these reasons the 1956 law declared that the construction of an elaborate expressway system was essential to the national interest and growth of the economy. Todays Interstate System is what our suburban lifestyle and caused the vast proliferation of businesses from HoJos to Holiday Inns. And if you order something online, most likely it’s a truck barreling along an interstate that gets the product to your door. there are a lot of undiscovered materials that we could use not only that we have all the man power and technology we need to build whatever we need to improve our infrastructure Among those who gain employment as a result of additional infrastructure investment, the average unemployment rate has averaged approximately 13 percent over the past 12 months. This is more than one and one- half times the current national unemployment rate. Within the construction sector, which accounts for the majority of direct employment resulting from infrastructure investment, the unemployment rate has averaged 15. 6 percent over the past 12 months. Construction costs and other costs associated with building projects are especially low in the current environment. As a result, the President has taken decisive action to accelerate project permitting and environmental review. In the President’s August 31, 2011, memorandum, he directed the heads of all executive epartments and agencies to: (1) identify and work to expedite permitting and environmental reviews for high-priority infrastructure projects with significant potential for Job creation; and (2) implement new measures designed to improve accountability, transparency, and efficiency through the use of modern information technology. Relevant agencies should monitor the progress of priority projects; coordinate and resolve issues arising during permitting and environmental review; and develop best practices for expediting these decisions that may be instituted on a ider scale, consistent with applicable law. In addition, in this year’s State of the Union address, the President announced his intention to â€Å"sign an executive order clearing away the red tape that slows down too many construction projects. † Investing in transportation infrastructure creates middleclass Jobs. Analysis suggests that 61 percent of the Jobs directly created by investing in infrastructure would be in the construction sector, 12 percent would be in the manufacturing sector, and 7 percent would be in the retail and wholesale trade sectors, for a total of 80 percent in hese three sectors. Nearly 90 percent of the Jobs in these three sectors most affected by infrastructure spending are middleclass Jobs, defined as those paying between the 25th and 75th percentile of the national distribution of wages. The President’s proposal emphasizes transportation choices, including mass transit and high-speed rail, to deliver the greatest long-term benefits to those who need it most: middle-class families. The average American family spends more than $7,600 a year on transportation, which is more than they spend on food and twice what they spend n out-of-pocket health care costs. For 90 percent of Americans, transportation costs absorb one out of every seven dollars of income. This burden is due in large and this calls for better infrastructure and investing more in it to make progress. Multi-modal transportation investments are critical to making sure that American families can travel without wasting time and money stuck in traffic. A more efficient transportation money. Traffic congestion on our roads results in 1. 9 billion gallons of gas wasted per year, and costs drivers over $100 billion in wasted fuel and lost time. More efficient ir traffic control systems would save 3 billion gallons of Jet fuel a year, translating into lower costs for consumers. Finally, new research indicates that Americans who were able to live in housing were able to save $200 per month in lower costs over the past decade. Americans want more transportation investment. After years of underinvestment in our transportation system, Americans’ satisfaction with our public transit system s middling when compared to public satisfaction with highways and public transit systems around the world. the Global competitiveness report for 2012-13, published arlier this month by the world economic forum showed that U. S infrastructure was ranked 7th in 2008, but has dropped to 14 in the world this year. The U. S. score dropped from 6. 10 in 2008 to 5. 7 this year (7 is the top score, and 1 is the worst score). One of the main reasons for the deterioration of U. S. infrastructure in the last five years, a deterioration which is reflected in the drop in ranking, is the economic downturn which began in 2008. Funding for roads, bridges, highways, and other critical infrastructure is largely dependent on state revenues, and as states ook less money in, they were forced to spend less on infrastructure maintenance and improvements. Passing the MAP-21 bill was an accomplishment for a do-little Congress, but serious issues about how to pay for transportation in the future have yet to be resolved. The recent highway bill, MAP-21 replaces SAFETEA-LU, the last long-term federal transportation bill, which expired in 2009 for example, it did not increase spending on transportation, even though lawmakers were aware of the need to do so. The 2009 stimulus package did help shore up some infrastructure, but was not nearly sufficient to meet the countrys needs. How to cite Infrastructure, Papers

Energy Metabolism free essay sample

The respiratory system consists of the nose, mouth, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi and lungs. These provide a passageway to allow air in and out of the body. Every cell in the body requires oxygen to survive. The primary function of the respiratory system is the exchange of gases. The respiratory system allows oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange, this is necessary to sustain life. During the process of breathing air is inhaled and carbon dioxide is exhaled, this change of gases occurs in the alveoli.The inhaled oxygen passes into the alveoli and then diffuses into arterial blood. The waste rich blood from the veins releases carbon dioxide into the alveoli which is released through exhaling. Air enters through nostrils which contain coarse hairs. The pharynx is shared between the digestive and respiratory system and extends between the nostrils and the larynx. The larynx joins the pharynx to the trachea; it consists of cartilages and is also known as the voice box. The trachea divides to form the primary bronchi, the left and right bronchi which the bronchi are two tubes that carry air into the lungs and they . reak down into smaller branches which are called bronchioles. At the end of these are air sacs called alveoli which absorb oxygen from the air. Oxygen diffuses from the alveoli into the blood where it is transported to every cell in the body. 98. 5% of oxygen is carried in the blood by being bound to hemoglobin and 1. 5% is carried by dissolving in the plasma. The pressure of the oxygen in the alveoli must be kept higher than blood pressure to maintain a concentration gradient. Breathing insures there is continuous fresh air brought into the lungs and alveoli. Alveoli have very thin walls and are abundant which means they are efficient in exchanging gases. Mechanisms of Breathing Breathing occurs of the changes of pressure within the thorax.When we inhale the intercostal muscles and diaphragm contract and expand the chest cavity. The diaphragm flattens and moves down and the rib cage is moved upwards and out by the intercostal muscles this increase the size of the lungs and draws air in. When we exhale the diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax and return to their original position. This reduces the size of the thoracic cavity and forces air out of the lungs. The Digestive System The digestive system allows food to be broken down and made soluble so it can be absorbed by the body.Once the food is absorbed by the body it is changed into energy to fuel the body. The main function of the digestive system is to break down the food and fluid so that they are simple chemicals that can easily be absorbed into the bloodstream so they can be transported around the body. The mouth is where chewing occurs; this chewing breaks the food down into pieces which can be more easily digested. Saliva mixes with the food in the mouth to begin the process of breaking it down into a form which the body can absorb. The esophagus receives food from the mouth after swallowing and then delivers it to the stomach.The stomach holds food which it is being mixed with enzymes which continue the process of breaking down the food into a useable form. When the contents of the stomach are processed they are released into the small intestine. In the small intestine food is broken down by enzymes released from the pancreas and bile from the liver, the food is moved through and mixed with digestive secretions. The small intestine is made up of three segments the duodenum, jejunum and the ileum, the jejunum and the ileum are mainly responsible from the absorption of nutrients in to the bloodstream.These contents start out semi-solid and end in a liquid form after passing through the organ. Water, bile, enzymes and mucous change its consistency, one the nutrients have been absorbed it then moves onto the large intestine. The large intestine connects to the rectum and is specialised in processing water so that emptying the bowels is easy. The pancreas is responsible for secreting digestive enzymes into the duodenum. These enzymes then break down protein, fats and carbohydrates. The pancreas is also responsible for making insulin and secreting it directly into the bloodstream.The livers main function within the digestive system is to process the nutrients which are absorbed from the small intestine. Bile is secreted from the liver into the small intestine and plays an important role in digesting fat. The liver also detoxifies potentially harmful chemicals and takes raw materials from the intestine and makes various chemicals the body needs to function. The Process The digestive process begins in the mouth; food is broken down by the chewing process and by the salivary enzymes which break starch down into smaller molecules.After being swallowed the food then enters the esophagus which runs from the mouth to the stomach. It forces food from the throat into the stomach using rhythmic movements. When the food reaches the stomach the food is partially digested and mixed with stomach acids to produce chyme. The food then reaches the small intestine where bile, pancreatic enzymes and other digestive enzymes help to break down food. When the food passes through the large intestine some of the water and chemicals are removed from the food. The bacterium in the large intestine helps the digestion process.After the food passes through the large intestine it is stored in the rectum until excreted. Glucose Our bodies main source of energy takes the form of glucose. This type of sugar comes from digesting carbohydrates into a chemical that is easily converted into energy. Most of our glucose comes from digesting the sugars and starch in food such as pasta, rice, fruits, potatoes and grain. The Enzyme Amylase breaks starch down into maltose and simple sugars which are then broken down to glucose in the small intestine.This form of energy then gets absorbed through the small intestine into the bloodstream. The chemical insulin meets the glucose and together they enter cells in the muscles and brain and allow the glucose to power activities. Energy The body has two main energy systems, aerobic and anaerobic energy. Energy is needed for growth, maintenance, activities and exercise. The amount of energy needed by the body is dependent on the intensity and duration of the exercise. Aerobic energy is usually the first to be used when the demand for energy increases.The extra demand for oxygen is met by an increase in the rate of breathing and an increase in blood supply met by an increase in heart rate. When the demand for oxygen by the body can’t be met the body uses anaerobic energy which can produce energy without oxygen. The energy required for aerobic energy is obtained by burning food stores with oxygen. It works by the breakdown of carbohydrate, fatty acids and some amino acids. This form of energy also uses slow twitch fibres and uses oxygen which means the energy can last longer. Anaerobic energy relies on the release of energy from food stores in the body without using any oxygen.This type of energy uses fast twitch fibres and it is used in short bursts intensive activity and results in the accumulation of lactic acid which is a waste product; this can result in muscle fatigue . Muscle fatigue is tiredness which happens when all the energy sources available are burned up and there is a buildup of lactic acid. They body also uses different forms of energy such as electrical energy which is used in the nervous system, chemical energy, kinetic energy, mechanical energy, light energy, sound energy, nuclear energy and heat energy. Anabolism is the process in which organisms make complex molecules and substances from less complex components. Anabolism leads to growth in organisms as molecules are produced from smaller components. This process of growth requires energy and raw components which are produced through catabolism, in which large molecules are broken down into simpler substances and together these processes make up the chemical process metabolism. Anabolism produced nearly all of the chemicals that organisms are composed of and produced proteins, lipids, nucleic acids and other substances which are essential in development, growth, maintenance and repair.Catabolism is essential for the proper functioning of anabolism. Catabolic processes such as digestion are responsible for breaking down large ad complex molecules into simple forms. Anabolism is responsible for building new molecules and catabolism is responsible for breaking down other molecules. Adenosine Tri Phosphate molecules are responsible for a wide range of activities within the cell. They are the main energy providers and main fuel for almost all processes that go on in a cell and also carried the energy which is necessary to facilitate all of the processes of human metabolism.The role of energy in the body is not only needed for muscular activity and movement but is also necessary to circulate blood, lymph and tissue fluid through the body, is necessary for breathing and respiration, is necessary for making new cells, growth and repair and is used to transmit nerve impulses so we are able to respond to changes in the environment. Oxygen + Glucose - Energy + Water + Carbon Dioxide During the process of breathing air is inhaled and carbon dioxide is exhaled, this change of gases occurs in the alveoli. The inhaled oxygen passes into the alveoli and then diffuses into arterial blood.The waste rich blood from the veins releases carbon dioxide into the alveoli which is r eleased through exhaling. The respiratory system provides the body with oxygen which can chemically react with glucose which is a type of sugar which comes from digesting carbohydrates into a chemical which is easily converted into energy. Respiration also removes the carbon dioxide which is produced by the reaction which creates energy. The cardiovascular system is vital to pump the oxygenated blood round the body at a rate which meets the energy requirements.The heart rate will increase to provide the body with more oxygen as the intensity and duration of exercise increases. This oxygen will then react with glucose to provide the body with energy. The liver produces bile that is stored in the gall bladder and is then secreted into the small intestine to help with the process of digestion, bile emulsifies fats breaking the large molecules into smaller pieces. The liver and the kidneys are important in glucose metabolism. The liver converts glucose into glycogen which provides the body with a short term energy store. Long term energy storage is contained in fat cells.The liver also converts glycogen back into glucose for immediate use and releases it into the blood stream for the muscles to use. The kidneys main role is to remove waste products and excess fluids from the body. When the chemical reaction, Oxygen + Glucose - Energy + Water + Carbon Dioxide occurs, the excess water which is produced is removed from the body by the kidneys. The respiratory system and the digestive system interrelate by enabling oxygen and glucose to get into the blood stream so that the chemical reaction Oxygen + Glucose - Energy + Water + Carbon Dioxide can occur to produce energy.The sugar stored produced by this chemical reaction can be converted immediately into energy is used to enable the person to perform tasks or is stored until the energy is needed. The amount of energy that we receive from different types of food is measured in calories. The glucose which is released into the blood stream can be automatically converted into energy; any extra glucose that isn’t needed is converted to glycogen and is stored in the muscle tissues and liver. This stored glucose can be used for energy during aerobic exercise or can be released by the liver when blood glucose levels drop.

The Pantheon Essay Example For Students

The Pantheon Essay IntroductionI chose to report on the pantheon because Ive seen pictures and I am also very fascinated by all the Roman monuments. I looked all around the internet and libraries. The Pantheon was very hard to find information about. It was very challenging but I found enough information to complete this report. This famous building stands in the business district of Romemuch as it was built some 18 centuries ago. Amazingly, it has withstood the ravages of both the elements and war permitting a firsthand view of a unique product constructed by Roman hands. Now, it is exposed to acid rain and fumes from passing automobiles and overshadowed by buildings of inferior taste; but, with trust in the future, the Pantheon will survive. We will write a custom essay on The Pantheon specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Unrecognized, the design of this ancient concrete building reveals unparalleled features not encountered in modern designstandards. Recent studies reveal several major cracks in the dome, but it still functions unimpaired. This condition will surely excitethe curiosity of our structural engineers. The building was built entirely without steel reinforcing rods to resist tensile cracking, sonecessary in concrete members, and for this concrete dome with a long span to last centuries is incredible. Today, no engineerwould dare build this structure without steel rods! Modern codes of engineering practice would not permit such mischief. Noinvestor with knowledge of concrete design would provide the funding. Additional constraints when attempting to build a structure as large as the Pantheon will be discussed later, but briefly they include the use of inadequate hand tools and unsafe lifting devices. I believe we can learn from this activity. Workers can build from a plan and can successful ly use their proven practices only if construction quality controls are maintained. History tells us that the Pantheon is a Greek word meaning to honor all Gods (particularly the Olympian divinities). It is ironic that our building has existed throughout many wars while being dedicated to all Gods; one can readily perceive this to be a temple for our one God. And, the Church has claimed this holy structure as a resting place for its most famous Popes, so we continue tohonor its magnificent divinity. The first incarnation of this ancient temple was built by Agrippa, the son-in-law of the Roman Emperor Augustus, about 27 B.C. Today, above the entrance carved in stone are the words M. AGRIPPA L. F. COS. TERTIUM FECIT which is translated,Marcus Agrippa, son of Lucius, in his third consulate, made it. Indeed, it is worth mentioning that Agrippas engineering talentswere used in building the famous Pont de Gard aqueduct in France. As with many cities, tragedy in the form of large fires such as those of 60, 64, 79, 100 and 110 A.D. seemed to strike Rome. Originally, many Roman buildings contained travertine (limestone rock) which easily cracked in fires. The first Pantheon wasseverely damaged and required replacement except for some parts of the lower porch section and foundation. The Pantheon was rebuilt by the Emperor Hadrian during the period 118 to 128 A.D. (a time given by Ward-Perkins).2 But theWard-Perkinss period is disputed by, Lugli who said the building was started sometime after 123 A.D. and was finished byEmperor Pius about 140 A.D.3 However, most of the bricks were made and placed in the Pantheon in 123 A.D., a date that themaker stamped on his bricks. This was discovered in 1892 by the French archaeologist, George Chedanne. It appears theconstruction of the rotunda walls took a period of 4 to 5 years, and the dome required a like period because of its height and themeager tools the Romans used. This long construction period was fortunate as it gave this pozzolan concrete ample time to cureand gain strength. Was the second temple like the first? Yes, the fundamental principle of the old Roman religion required that the temples be rebuilt without changes in original form. Tradition required that the main entrance face north, and thus the whole building was oriented on the north-south axis of the building. A description of its structural features is separated into the configuration, foundation ring, circular walls, and dome to more clearly define various components. How these pieces are unique in view of todays design requirements will be discussed shortly. .u3d21db72b76ae454e111ae537f589b3c , .u3d21db72b76ae454e111ae537f589b3c .postImageUrl , .u3d21db72b76ae454e111ae537f589b3c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u3d21db72b76ae454e111ae537f589b3c , .u3d21db72b76ae454e111ae537f589b3c:hover , .u3d21db72b76ae454e111ae537f589b3c:visited , .u3d21db72b76ae454e111ae537f589b3c:active { border:0!important; } .u3d21db72b76ae454e111ae537f589b3c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u3d21db72b76ae454e111ae537f589b3c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u3d21db72b76ae454e111ae537f589b3c:active , .u3d21db72b76ae454e111ae537f589b3c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u3d21db72b76ae454e111ae537f589b3c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u3d21db72b76ae454e111ae537f589b3c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u3d21db72b76ae454e111ae537f589b3c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u3d21db72b76ae454e111ae537f589b3c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u3d21db72b76ae454e111ae537f589b3c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u3d21db72b76ae454e111ae537f589b3c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u3d21db72b76ae454e111ae537f589b3c .u3d21db72b76ae454e111ae537f589b3c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u3d21db72b76ae454e111ae537f589b3c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Economic Globalization EssayBodyThe Pantheon is one of the great spiritual buildings of the world. It was built as a Roman temple and later consecrated as a Catholic Church. Its monumental porch originally faced a rectangular colonnaded temple courtyard and now enfronts the smaller Piazza della Rotonda. Through great bronze doors, one enters one great circular room. The interior volume is a cylinder above which rises the hemispherical dome. Opposite the door is a recessed semicircular apse, and on each side re three additional recesses, alternately rectangular and semicircular, separated from the space under the dome by paired monolithic columns. The only natural light ent ers through an unglazed oculus at the center ofthe dome and through the bronze doors to the portico. As the sun moves, striking patterns of light illuminate the walls and floors of porphyry, granite and yellow marbles. Inside the PantheonThe building design is one of a large round shape very much like a large barrel with a dome covering the top. There is a light-well in the center of the dome. Layers of beautiful thin brickwork cover the outside, round walls. Small access holes appear occasionally in the wall which were used during construction to frame interior voids. The main entrance is thoroughly impressive:double bronze doors 21 feet high (6.4 meters), a lasting and fitting contribution from their metal smiths. These doors are protectedby a high, broad porch, made with 16 well arranged granite columns supporting a gable styled roof. The beams in the roofstructure of the porch are wooden. They were substituted for bronze members stripped-out by those in later years needing metal for their canons. Professional Roman surveyors located the inlaid marble floor to conform with a convex contour which drainedaway the rain from the oculus for these hundreds of years. In the following descriptions, some general dimensions are given to indicate the magnitude of this undertaking by the Romans. The rotunda has a rather awesome inner diameter of 142.4 feet (43.4 m), made mostly of concrete. Comparatively speaking, this distance represents about one half the length of our football field. And from the floor to the top of the opening in the dome is the same distance. As a matter of fact, we could think of the design of this building as one that could contain a theoretical ball some 143 feet in diameter. The design is not entirely unusual because there are other Roman buildings which have a similar configuration, but the size is unusual. Other buildings such as the Temple of Mercury (71 feet/21.5 m diameter) at Baiae and Domitian Nympheaum at Albano (51 feet/15.6 m diameter) have domes of this type. The Pantheon still has the longest span constructed before the 19th Century. To provide details on this complex configuration, the following figures show the building with its two-ring foundation, voids in the walls, and the step-ring and coffer arrangement in the dome. FoundationThe Pantheon was built on marshy, unstable earth which gave a serious supporting problem to its builders. The Jutland Archaeological Society described in detail various aspects of the ring foundation; they found it rested on a bed of bluish colored river clay.8 This condition invited disaster, and in the final construction phase, the foundation cracked at the two ends of the North-South axis. If one section of a building settles slightly faster and lower than an adjacent section, very large bending stresses are initiated at a point between these two sections which can crack the concrete. And uneven settling was the problem given to the builders. The present-day engineering solution to this type of foundation problem is to drive piles through the clay to bedrock so the building will be firmly supported all the way around. The Roman builders chose a different approach. They built a second ring to hold the first ring from cracking further and to give the clay more area to support the structure. It worked becausethe building has lasted over 1800 years. .u48ec6d0362e82b71bb10e6e698c7826b , .u48ec6d0362e82b71bb10e6e698c7826b .postImageUrl , .u48ec6d0362e82b71bb10e6e698c7826b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u48ec6d0362e82b71bb10e6e698c7826b , .u48ec6d0362e82b71bb10e6e698c7826b:hover , .u48ec6d0362e82b71bb10e6e698c7826b:visited , .u48ec6d0362e82b71bb10e6e698c7826b:active { border:0!important; } .u48ec6d0362e82b71bb10e6e698c7826b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u48ec6d0362e82b71bb10e6e698c7826b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u48ec6d0362e82b71bb10e6e698c7826b:active , .u48ec6d0362e82b71bb10e6e698c7826b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u48ec6d0362e82b71bb10e6e698c7826b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u48ec6d0362e82b71bb10e6e698c7826b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u48ec6d0362e82b71bb10e6e698c7826b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u48ec6d0362e82b71bb10e6e698c7826b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u48ec6d0362e82b71bb10e6e698c7826b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u48ec6d0362e82b71bb10e6e698c7826b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u48ec6d0362e82b71bb10e6e698c7826b .u48ec6d0362e82b71bb10e6e698c7826b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u48ec6d0362e82b71bb10e6e698c7826b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Helping Others: Ian in "Shattered" by Eric Walters EssayIn addition to keeping the crack from extending, the builders placed buttress walls on the south side opposite the massive porch. This acted as a clampng device; and although the structural projection appears to be an additional room, it only serves the purpose of being part of the clamp. These rings are made of pozzolan concrete consisting of travertine pieces in layers held together by a mortar of lime and pozzolan. This will be discussed later in this work. Interestingly enough, the Jutland Societys investigation showed the foundation material had become rock hard,11 a case we might expect when we study the chemistry of pozzolanic reaction under these conditions. How It Stands upThe challenge of determining stresses within various sections of the Pantheon has always excited both architects and engineers who are interested in the building. Technical design people recognized that the long 143 foot span of the ancient dome could have critical stress concentrations leading to a catastrophic failure of the structure, but this has not happened. Nothing in life seems perfect, and this is the case with the Pantheon. The dome and walls have cracked. Concrete cracks under excessive tensile stress as viewed in a hoop condition. A. Terenzio, an Italian superintendent of monuments, documented cracking in the walls and dome duringhis inspection of the Pantheon in 1930. Terenzio identifies fractures `reaching from the base of the rotunda to the summit of the dome that he thought were brought about by differential settlement from uneven loading of the wall, particularly near the entrance of the rotunda in the principal niche. Rather than finding vertical differential settlement, we have observed only traces of lateral opening across the cracks corresponding to the effect of hoop tension. Terenzio believed cracking occurred shortly after construction because of dated brick repairs. The Mark and Hutchinson study showed that meridional cracking in the dome was in the lower half extending up to about 57 degrees from the horizontal on the spring line. An earlier stress analysis of this dome by Cowan theoretically placed this point at 37 degrees 36. This is the point where hoop stresses in the dome change from tension to compression presenting a point of weakness within the unreinforced concrete dome. This theoretical point is in reasonable agreement with the actual end of meridional cracking. The Mark and Hutchinson study located the cracks as occurring generally at the openings within the upper cylindrical wall which increased local tensile hoop stresses. In addition to dome, Terenzio mentioned that cracks in the walls extended upward from 24.6 feet (7.5 m) above the floor. The cracking pattern of the concrete in the Pantheon provides an unique stress configuration acting in the dome and walls. Mark and Hutchinson describe this picture as one in which the major internal forces in the cracked dome are only in the meridional direction, and this region serves as a series of arches which bears a common compression keystone in the form of the uncracked upper dome. The cracked walls serve as a series of independent piers to support these arches. Perhaps as insurance against som future dislocation, should we add a steel band around a step-ring? Although the building has survived centuries, this valuable, cracked landmark of Roman history should be protected against future earthquakes at a small cost. ConclusionAs you can tell the Pantheon was a great structure created by the Romans. I believe it has played a great role in Greek history. Even though this building is unpopular to many people, but this report proves that it is one of the greatest and most historical man made creation. BibliographyEncarta 95 EncyclopediaH. W. Cowan, The Master Builders. John Wiley and Son, New York, 1977Http://www.broyan/sor/index.pa-pr/Pantheon.html- Programmer: Jack M. Loudel

Lab Report Operational Amplifier Application Essays

Lab Report Operational Amplifier Application Essays Lab Report Operational Amplifier Application Paper Lab Report Operational Amplifier Application Paper In this report, we Will go through two experiments, Which are the fundamental circuits of operational amplifiers: non-inverting and inverting amplifier circuits, to analyze the difference between ideal and real pop-amps. For the following section, the relevant theory will be introduced, and then the detail and results of the experiments Will be discussed before proceeding to conclusion. Theory Figure 1 The pop amp and its ideal attributes As the Figurer shown, operational amplifier has two inputs labeled (+) and (-) with positive and negative power supply, and a single output. It is primarily a sigh gain differential amplifier which amplifies the difference tot voltages been two inputs. The output voltage of the amplifier Bout is given by the following formula: Bout = A (VT V-) Where A is the open loop voltages gain of the amplifier, which typically is very large about ISO at low frequency. And V- are the non-inverting and inverting input voltage respectively. From the equation, output voltage is entirely governed by the difference between the two input voltages. However for real pop-amps inputs do draw a small amount of current and the output voltage is affected by the output current drawn. Poor the analysis, both inverting and non-inverting amplifiers are applying negative feedback. It cause the V- to increase, hence voltages Of the two input terminals Will be much closed together. And the input draw current is assumed to be zero. Therefore Kerchiefs first (current) Law and Kerchiefs second (voltage) Law could be applied. Experiment The main apparatus for this experiment are the test board with TLS power supply, Kingwood ACCESS oscilloscope, Homage DVDs, and the input signal function generator is Homage HM80030-2. Inverting amplifier: Bout=-RFC Vein Inverting amplifier: Figure 2 Inverting Amplifier Constructing the circuit of an inverting amplifier as shown in figure 2 on the test board. In order to make an amplifier with a gain of . 10, setting RI 2. 7 k and RFC = 27 aquaplaning a Homage signal generator, a KHz sine wave was supply into the amplifier input, the amplitude should be adjusted to low values to prevent waveform distortion occur. Moreover, connecting the input and output of amplifier to X-Y channels of the Oscilloscope, to check the waveform and verity the amplification, If both inputs are held at a common zero, the offset voltage will not be zero as deadly owing to a small amount of bias currents and internal imbalances of a real amplifier. Setting the oscilloscope to X-Y mode, a graph like Figure 3 will be display in the screen. The output offset voltage which is the sum of two independent variables, one is Input offset voltage (Vein offal the other one is input bias current (In bias ). The equation of the Bout off is given below: Bout off=Vein offal+RFC+line bias RFC For the experimental purpose, the values of RI and RFC should be varied to form simultaneous equations, as a result, Vein Off and In bias could be derived separately. When applying RI = 2. Non and RFC = kick , the value of offset voltages Obtained was urn: furthermore, the value Of Bout Off increased to I Iron While RI = 0. Aka and RFC = Aka. Hence the simultaneous equation could be solved: offshoot 2. K*line bias ask Vein off= 0. 916 NV offal bias ask In bias 06. 92 an Figure 3 WY mode trace of Bout against Vein With the respect to Figure 3, the values foeman and Vein acquired from experiment are and -1 IV, therefore the real output voltage range is from -IV to +13. IV when  ±IV supply rails are being used. Additionally, two horizontal nines reveal that maximum and minimum output voltages will less than the supply rail voltages due to the energy losses in the internal resistors. Figure 4 Measurement of the output impedance Measure the output impedance of the inverting amplifier by setting input voltage to ground, and injecting a load current to output side by adding a signal generator which drives a 10 kHz sine wave via a 2200 resistor. Compare the difference between V out and V load shown in figure 4 by applying the oscilloscope, so that the output impedance could be derived by following equation Output impedance: V outlet here lout=(V load- V out)220 As the result, the value Of output impedance obtained from experiment is I . Q, which is quite small but still not equal to zero as ideal situation. In addition to this, V out Will rise when the frequency Of the signal is increasing; Meanwhile, the closed loop output impedance Will tend to zero. Because the deviation between the V out and V load is getting smaller. Inverting amplifier: Bout=1+Riving Non-inverting amplifier: Bout= 1 Vein Figure S: Nan-inverting amplifier Converting the circuit in to non-inverti ng amplifier and using the same values of RFC and RI ,Moreover, applying the signal to the positive input of pop-amps, thus a positive gain can be acquired Much more interesting, the output offset voltage and output impedance will stay the same as values obtained from inverting amplifier. The reason is the resistors for both circuits are consistent. Discussion Prom the investigation Of the experiments, the gain Of non-ideal amplifiers is finite and it could be affected by the changing in frequency and existence of input Offset voltages. Experiments have shown that there is error input voltage due to the non-zero bias currents flowing in the input terminals. Also they have proved that the maximum gain Of real pop-amps is finite and limited by maximum and minimum supply voltages. During the experiment, it is vital to be aware of the error that may occur. Generally, errors can be divided into tuft categories which are the systematic errors and random errors. Unfortunately, systematic errors are unavoidable because of the existing error in the equipment used in the experiments. For instance, homage DVDs can accurate about 0. 1% for DC voltages and 0. 2% for resistance; the accuracy of AC signals is around 1% while the frequency is within angel from GHz to kHz. However,the random error could be minimized to the best extent by taking several measurements and using the average values. Conclusion The results acquired from the experiments reveal the properties of both inverting and non-inverting amplifiers, and describe the differences between real and ideal pop-amp Further, the phase relationships of input and output voltage for the inverting amplifier are 180 degrees out of phase; as opposed to this, they are in phase with each other for Nan-inverting amplifier.

Law of digital evidence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Law of digital evidence - Essay Example In case they do so, they must always prove a probable cause for such actions. Law enforcers should always seize evidence in plain view a feature that remains impossible in computer searches given the soft copy nature of such files. The plain view exception thus exempts computer searches from such conditions. However, law enforcers should always carry out an exhaustive search of the computer thus ensuring that they search every file in the computer and avail their contents whenever required. I refute the idea of a observing a search protocol which requires the approval of a court of law before carrying out a search. Criminals can easily delete and manipulate any incriminating evidence in their computers thus making it difficult for the law enforcers to prove their guilt. As such, the law should permit law enforcers to confiscate computers at the time of arrest as they await search warrants. This way, they safeguard the evidence in the computers by making it difficult for the suspect to tamper with the contents of the

The U.K taxation system Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

The U.K taxation system - Essay Example The paper tells that taxable income includes income from employment either from part-time, full-time, or temporary employment. However, if people receive benefits or perks from their employer, they may be taxable. Income from partnerships or self-employment, pension income such as state pension, retirement annuity and personal or company pension, are also taxable as stated in the UK tax laws. Additionally, pensioner bonds, trust income and investment income, includes dividends on company shares except dividend income from ISAs, are also taxable. Other taxable income includes Rental income, State benefits such as Carer’s Allowance, Jobseeker’s allowance, Employment and Support Allowance, Incapacity Benefit, and weekly Bereavement Allowance among others. The income tax rates in the UK depend on an individual’s personal income. According to Adam, Kaplan and Institute for Fiscal Studies, the 10% rate shows the tax rate for anybody who saves an income of up to GBP 2,4 00. The dividend income below GBP 37,400 is taxed at 10% while that above GBP 37,400 to GBP 150,000 is taxed at 32.5%. In addition, a tax of 42.5% is taxed on dividend income above GBP 150,000. Thus, this shows that income tax is lower in the UK than most countries including New Zealand and Australia. The relevant tax period in the UK starts from 6th April to 5th April in the next year. This includes both income tax and personal taxes. For instance, the 2010-2011 tax year started on 6th April in 2010 and ran through to 5th April 2011. (Adam, Kaplan and Institute for Fiscal Studies, 2002). In the UK, taxes and allowances are usually fixed for any given year, but they often change from one year to another. What is the relative importance of direct and indirect taxes in United Kingdom? What are the implications of this? Direct tax consists of income tax and wealth tax while indirect tax involves central excise duty, customs duty, service tax, purchase tax and value added tax (VAT). Inc ome tax is a direct tax on all incomes that are received by private individuals after some allowances are made. Direct taxes are usually paid directly to the Exchequer by the taxpayer through PAYE, which applies to corporate tax, as well. However, tax liability cannot be forwarded to someone else. Indirect taxes are such as VAT and several excise duties on tobacco, oil and alcohol. Indirect tax, unlike direct tax can be passed onto the final customer by the supplier depending on the price of elasticity of demand and supply of goods. However, over the last twenty years, economists have differed on the optimum mix of taxation between direct and indirect taxes, which has resulted in a shift towards indirect taxation. Economists argue that indirect taxes help in changing the overall pattern of demand for certain products and services, thus, affecting consumer demand such as an increase in the real duty on petrol. Indirect taxes are also useful in controlling and correcting externalities of both production and consumption. Also, they are less likely to interfere with people’s choice between work and leisure than the direct tax. Thus, they have a little negative effect on work incentives. Additionally, they allow a reduction in direct

Environment Of Kamat Hotels

Environment Of Kamat Hotels Kamat hotels are a new chain of luxury business hotel in India promoted by KHIL (kamat hotel India ltd). Kamat hotel began as a single landmark namely VITS Mumbai, located near Mumbai international airport, but is now recognized all over the India as the symbol of true Indian hospitality. KHIL is a pan-India network of hotels that offers business and leisure travelers a hotel designed for the modern nomad. The hotel promises a whole new experience of tranquility and total wellness proposal. Called the jiva spa, it is a unique concept, based on a mixture of heritage, wisdom and the Indian philosophy of wellness and well being. All hotels built with similar infrastructure are four star hotels which consist of 200 rooms and aims to give prospective customers, a total experience of hospitality. Each hotel has a six banquet halls, a conference hall and fitness clubs complete with sauna and steam bath are open in the lobby area. KHIL is well known for being environmental friendly. It has won many awards like environmental champion, global ecotel, regional direct tourism award and pata (pacific Asia travel association awards), hotel and catering international management associations (HCIMA) best environmental policy 2000, India chapter environmental award for 2001 on the hotel excellence category. In 2009, VITS achieved excellent profitability based on the trend of rising demand for suitable accommodation in the city of Mumbai. Based on its early success, KHIL has expanded heavily in India, opening new branches in more states like Ahmadabad, Aurangabad, Baroda, Gujarat, Hubli, Kolhapur, Nagpur, Nasik, Pune, Sholapur, Surat and it is expected to add twenty more branches in the next five years. With the rapid expansion of Indian economy, budget and mid market hotel segments are fast expanding as more business people travel and look for short pleasant stays. The group also introduced tours and travels in 2010 and was engaged in marketing of destination and package tours. KHIL along with its flagship hotel, VITS are well positioned to meet the increase in travel activities and is set to benefit fully of this market expansion. The restaurants, known for their top quality food, attract high number of middle class families for breakfast, lunch and dinner. However limited capacity of its butchery and bakery cause delays in periods of high customer turnout and often leads to customer complaints KHIL group employees are gentle, skillful, and knowledgeable and are given certificates of honesty which keeps them motivated and loyal. But Management at VITS has been very poor at embracing Technology to help them in their daily task or for the benefit of their customers. There is no Wi-Fi installed on the premises, and internet connections are slow. Management have not upgraded their software but have stuck to their PMS i.e. (property management system) while their competitors are already using Opera or Fidelo, softwares which are faster in performance and standards. Using the stakeholder model, this paper will assess the strengths and weaknesses of VITS and then analyses its external environments using Porters 5 forces model and PESTEL. This will give us a proper indication of the hotels position and will conclude by coming up with workable proposals for VITS. 2.0 Analysis of the internal environment 2.1 Stakeholder model 2.1 Stakeholder An individual, group or business with a keen interest may be positive or negative in an organization success are known as stakeholder. They are concerned with an organization to deliver an intend result and also to meet its financial objectives generally stakeholders are of two types they are internal within the organization and external outside the organization. Stakeholders are shareholders, employee, suppliers, customer, financial institution, government and society. A stakeholder is usually stands to gain or lose depending on the decision taken or policies implemented. 2.1.1 Importance of stakeholder Stakeholders are very important persons who in fact control the organization and the success of the organization lies in their hands. The participation of stakeholders in an organization is from the beginning of the organization. Stakeholder analysis is a technique which is generally used by an organization to identify the importance of key people, groups of people or stakeholders which influence the success of an organization. It is an important process because if we find the needs and interest of stakeholder than it become easier for an organization to achieve its goals. This can be done by an individual or by a team. The analysis helps us to determine the influence and power that each stakeholder has. If we know the most powerful stakeholder than it is easy for an organization to gain support in order to gain success. We can implement stakeholder to an organization in three steps they are {1} identifying the stakeholders, {2} prioritizing the stakeholder and {3} understanding impo rtant stakeholder opinion and interest. 2.1.2 Shareholders KHIL hotels formally reports to their shareholders twice a year when it releases its results. This comes amidst great media and specialized press speculation as KHIL is known to be a star performer. Shareholders have over the past 5 years, constantly been rewarded with dividends to the tune of 21% per annum after tax every single year. They generally hold meetings with their shareholders and stakeholders to keep them informed about the progress of business and future plans for the group. 2.1.3 Employees KHIL hotels places great importance on communication about its business and performance to their employees. They follow a program of effective staff training to understand the purpose and goals of hotel management strategies and deliver on the organizations sustainability objectives. 2.1.4 Suppliers KHIL supports local suppliers and promotes responsible business practice. Given the strength of their bargaining power they can source produce at a very competitive price which helps them on profitability. Supporting local suppliers wherever they are also helps them to build good relations with the community whom they support. Suppliers are very supportive of KHIL and have been working with them ever since they started business. KHIL welcomes feedback from their suppliers which helps them to better understand how they are performing against their peers and they get a clearer picture of risk. 2.1.5 Customers KHIL has mastered guest relationship through constant interaction and feedback from them. They offer top quality service which is known and appreciated by customers. This is what has built the KHIL brand as they are known for the unique experience they offer customers. KHIL charges them a slightly premium price but which customers do not complain about as they feel pampered. Customer feedback lies at the center of their strategy. Customers recommend the hotel to their friends and word of mouth spreads. Feedback and adaptation to customer requirements have kept them ahead of competition and rising up to end increasing guest demands. They have mastered the art of proactively engaging with their guests to understand and anticipate their requirements. 2.1.6 Financial institution KHIL works and is supported by the biggest and the best financial institutions like the State Bank of India, Baroda Bank, ICICI, and private investment funds. Gathering funds for expansion and development is not a problem because of the support as KHIL has always lived up to expectations of financial institutions and has never defaulted. 2.1.7 Government KHIL relies on both central and local government provisions. Statutory and regulatory sanctions of authorities are required for approval of restaurant and bar licenses. As such it is in its best interest to stay within the legal provisions. Both central and local governments are very supportive of KHILs investments as it creates wealth, jobs and supports to local communities. KHIL is a major benefactor of governments incentive schemes and low interest investment funds and this helps to expansion. KHIL does not fail on taxes, levies, duties, company or municipal taxes. KHIL has provided for Rs 1, 63,17,4381/ for the current financial year for different taxes and no dues are pending. 2.1.8 Society KHIL, since the very beginning is a major supporter of social development. This is a reason why communities welcome its developments. The group supports sustainable livelihood as an underlying principle of their social initiatives. In order to improve the quality of life of villagers who live around the hotel KHIL helps them by providing solar lighting, health, hygiene and nutritional support for children and women, drinking water facilities and educational support. They provide hotel related artisan jobs for them like making candles, dusters, staff snacks and stationery. 3.0 Analysis of the specific external environment I will use Porters five forces to analyze KHILs specific external environment. 3.1 Barriers of entry Barriers of entry in the hotel industry are very high as lots of investment goes into initial infrastructure and getting initial customer support. Credit facilities to tour operators and other agents supplying customers result in cash flow issues which very often cannot be supported by new entrants as they rely heavily on loans. 3.2 Availability and substitutes The substitutes exist when the alternative product with lower price and better performance for the same product. Likewise the Kohinoor provides the spa at the low cost compared to KHIL which reduces the potential sales volumes of KHIL. There are a lot of price variation between KHIL and the Kohinoor hotel service, which leads customers to feel that KHIL is at times over priced. The Kohinoor have various rates and tariffs, a good brand image and the hotel chain currently operating different services like spa, boatels, resorts, city center and heritage hotels. 3.3 Bargaining power of suppliers The suppliers consist of all the sources of input that are needed to provide a goods and services. KHIL has good supplier support but is at a disadvantage against competition as it has a tendency of buying because of the long standing friendship they have with suppliers who supported them initially. Very often this plays against price and quality. Furthermore large quantity items are tendered and bought on price which often plays against quality. 3.4 Bargaining power of customers The hotel industry is a very competitive one and having invested in its fixed assets, hotels want to recoup their investment as quickly as possible. They are ready to offer discounts the whole year to attract and keep customers therefore reducing margins. Availability of substitutes such as the Kohinoor improves the bargaining power of customers and they can put even more pressure on margins and volumes. 3.5 Competitive rivalry KHIL has several good challengers like the Kohinoor, Continental and the Mirador who are competing in similar market with similar offerings. The Kohinoor has 200 rooms, excellent conference facilities, multi cuisine restaurants, bars, health clubs, and 24 hours coffee shop, doctor on call, is situated in the main business area of Mumbai and is close to the international airport. These facilities are similar to KHILs and reason why they are strong challengers. This has the overall effect of reducing both revenue and profitability. 4.0 Pestle analysis Pestle analysis is the useful tool to understand the clear picture of the environment in which the organization lies and to find the opportunities and threats that lies in the environment they can be express as the Political, economic, socio cultural, technological, environmental, and legal factors affect an organizations external environment which in turn affects an organization by offering it either opportunities to progress or threats to regress. it is also used as a generic orientation tool to find out about the organization or the product is in the context of what happening inside as well as outside of the organization. 4.1 Political environment One of the political environments for the organization was the times of India (it is a well known newspaper) by Rachna sigh, Jaipur in a bid to attract the international tourists is gearing up with a host of new properties across the different segments. Some of the industries like hotel and tourisms are the backbone of any competitive world. But government charges a huge tax from the hotels which are stars or are in the luxury category these organizations has an impact with the government or the political changes that occurs. If the government takes even a small steps if affect the hotel industries. Its getting huge incentives and the state governments are supporting them in their development. But now Indian hotels are planning to expand in the economic crunch time. The terror attack on the city (Mumbai) renowed hotels like the taj hotel and the oberios had brought into concerns and facing the hoteliers with a drop in foreign travelers to India i.e. the terror attack is one of the threat for hotel industries. 4.2 Legal factor In recent years, government has brought significant changes to the legal framework to facilitate investment and doing business. Several incentive schemes have been introduced to increase investments. Laws that directly impact on the hotel industry are the Hotel development incentive bill, tax holidays of up to 2 years to new investors in the hotel sector, fairer health and safety laws and less stringent employment laws that were acting as limitations to investment. This has led to a lot of development as investors have easy access to funds and are supported by incentives. These new business friendly frameworks have largely helped groups like KHIL to invest further and adopt expansion strategies. 4.3 Economical environment The India economy hardly suffered from the international financial crisis. This is because the Indian system rests on a controlled and sound financial system in the country. The economic environment includes GDP, interest rates, inflation and exchange rates, economic growth, taxation amongst others and it determines disposable income. While larger number of tourists will flock to India for its beauty, history and heritage, Mumbai the financial capital will keep bringing in business people from around the world therefore offering an incessant flow of customers to hotels like the KHIL group to prosper. 4.4 Social environment Changes in social trends also have an impact on the demand for a firms products and offer. Organizations have to respond by constantly adopting their products to new customer trends and demand. This is what KHIL has constantly been doing especially with its unique feedback system. Feedback from customers has also explains why KHIL has more single room than double rooms. 4.5 Technological environment Indian is one of the most advanced technological nations of the world and businesses are well aware of progress in the field of technology and its enduring impact on processes and the reduction of costs. KHIL has not taken technology on board though most major customized products are valuable. 4.6 Environmental factors The growing desire to protect the environment is having a great impact on many industries such as travel industries. Environment protection creates business opportunities and KHIL is well ahead of competitors in this field. To respect local legislation, all hotels of the group are built after an environmental impact assessment and this creates harmony with the community. 5.0 Swot analysis Swot analysis is the most important tool for audit and analysis of the overall strategic position of business and its environment. Basically it is the foundation for evaluating the strength, weakness, probable/likely opportunity and threats from the external environment. It also views the positive as well as negative factors inside and outside of the organization which affect its success. So these are the four factors applying to the property to know about the property in details the strength, weakness, opportunities as well as the threats of the KHIL hotels. 5.1 Strengths Strength is the qualities which helps an organization to achieve its goals. Generally strength are beneficial aspects of the organization which includes human competence, process capabilities, financial resources, product and service, customer goodwill and brand loyalty. Strength of KHIL Competitively priced for value they offer Situated near the international airport and few kilometers away from the domestic airport Is a very convenient alternative for layover guests are those whose flights have been cancelled or delayed Has preferred partner status with airlines Affordable luxury venue for SMEs for their Meetings, Incentives, Conventions and Exhibitions Highly perceived as a environmental friendly hotel Recognized name for fine cuisine and value for money accommodation Loyal, honest and per formant employees Appeals to local middle class families looking for a night out 5.2 Weakness Weakness is a limitation, or the defect in an organization that will keep it away from achieving its goals. The weakness are of different kind like huge debt, high employee turnover, complex decision making process, narrow product range and large wastage of raw materials. Weakness oh KHIL Situated off the road it may see significant impact on FIT guests (free individual traveler) Fails to handle larger crowds and sister hotel Orchid is no substitute Business centre is to small and no WI-FI zone yet Trailing on technology on its processes and still using Whitney rack system Swimming pool located next to the restaurant plays against privacy 5.3 Opportunities An opportunity is a kind of favorable situation in a firm environment. It is usually a trend or an overlooked need that increase demand for a product or service and allows the organization to enhance its position. Opportunities for KHIL Upcoming cricket world cup jointly organized in India, Bangla Desh, Sri lanka will attract guests Event can be used to showcase of value offered to enhance reputation Bus service or the special cabs for the fans to the stadium in and around the world cup venues Targeting opening in new or developing business hubs like Bangalore 5.4 Threats It is an unfavorable situation which may occur in an organization environment and which may harm the business or its strategy. They are uncontrollable when the threat comes, the stability and survival can be stake. Threats for KHIL Security especially in the wake of terrorist attacks Competitor response from Kohinoor, Continental and Mirador 6.0 Conclusion As each and every organization has strength, weakness, opportunities, and threats the kamat hotel also have these factors but they can find out by doing the swot analysis to the organization to its internal and external factor so that one can obtain it and can control the system in a practical way. It can work according to its objectives by allowing an easy way to attain its profit growth. 7.0 Proposal The KHIL hotels should plan and perform their work to achieve their goals and the information and explanation that are considered are necessary to work on them that they need to improve a lot like increasing the rooms in the hotel because of its they are facing the problems when there is an event in India most of the foreigners visit to India because of lack of rooms its losing its business so if it works on it then it will achieve a great success. These are needed to upgrade to an improved integrated management system as it would help reduce the amount of paper work. It would also reduce the work of night auditor and reception staff as they would not have to verify every bill every time guests checkout.

Good vs. Evil

Judgments: Good vs. Evil There are many concepts that are determined in the eye of the beholder. People have different morals; someone’s morals could be seen as corruption to someone else. What someone considers beautiful, another might consider appalling. A person’s definition of justice could be someone else’s definition of illegal. There are many factors as to why we all have different paradigms, such as the way we were raised, our past experiences, our culture, or our faith. Consequently, we all judge accordingly to our own perspectives. In East of Eden, John Steinbeck states that one can be assumed good or evil once the person has died.With our different paradigms, we would have different perspectives on good and evil. Therefore, we do not know the correct definition of good or evil, so it would not be right for us to judge someone at all before or after their death. Everything we see is perspective, but how are we so sure it is the truth? Take for example, a flower. To a human, it is small enough to hold in his hand; to an insect, it is big enough to be a home. The human and the insect are looking at the same flower, but view it differently. Is the ant simply miniature, or is the human just too big?It cannot be deemed because there are different paradigms that manipulate our judgment. There are also more serious cases that this applies to. On July 5, 2011, Casey Anthony was found not guilty for murdering her young daughter Caylee. Observers were stunned and outraged by the jury’s verdict. Jurors claimed that it could not be proven that Casey Anthony was guilty because there was not enough evidence. There were only facts that led up to the conclusion that Casey could be the murderer, but there were no raw and actual facts that clearly showed that Casey was responsible for the death of her daughter.The death penalty weighed a lot on the deliberation of the jurors. They had a life in their hands; conclusions and inferences were no t enough to find her guilty. The jury could be deemed good for following the law and abiding by their oath, or they could be deemed evil for letting a potential murderer get away with a crime. There are many positions on this verdict based on our viewpoints, but we do not actually know the truth. There are so many perspectives in the universe, we can never be so sure which is the correct one. Without knowing the truth, our judgments aren’t justified.They say there is a story behind everything. Stories usually have two sides to them, maybe even more. Often times, we want to believe that we know the full story. As human beings, we like closure and we do not like unanswered questions. But should it often occur to someone that there may be multiple unknown sides to a story? Marilyn Monroe was found dead in her bedroom from an overdose on August 5, 1962. Monroe’s death remains a mystery and has become one of the most debated conspiracy theories of all time. Some people beli eve that her death was a homicide, and some people believed it was a suicide.There could be many unknown explanations to Monroe’s death, and we may never find out. Without knowledge of how she died, our judgments are not rationalized. There are always going to be unanswered questions and ambiguous endings. As humans, what we believe is virtuous usually leads back to our viewpoints and understanding of life. Everyone has their life structured a certain way according to their beliefs. Our beliefs have a huge impact on our mentality and actions whether we believe in God, Buddha, Atheism, Karma, or anything at all. With differentiating religion and beliefs, there is no validity to our judgments.Without the knowledge of the truth, we are not able to judge righteously; we would be assuming blindly. It is a human instinct to judge. We judge to make laws so society can function in an orderly manner, we judge to protect ourselves from harm by distinguishing what seems to be dangerous or harmful, and we also judge to make decisions to benefit ourselves, such as choosing the college to our desire. Although these are rational reasons as to why we should judge, they also lead to war, terrorist attacks, stereotypes, and prejudice. Our assumptions and judgments revolve around our perspective.Our paradigms frame our judgments, and this often results to different positions and viewpoints. The concept of good and evil are in the eyes of the beholder. The true definition of good and evil may never be revealed in our lifetime. Consequently, we are not able to deem someone good or evil before or after their death since we do not have the understanding of these ideas in the first place. Works Cited â€Å"Death of Caylee Anthony. † Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 11 Dec. 2012. Web. 07 Nov. 2012. .

Critical Reasoning

Critical Reasoning Assignment I (Exercise 2) 1. Sappho- The type or style of writing that Sappho used in â€Å"To Absent Lovers’† was poetry. This literary work was very familiar to me and was fairly easy to comprehend. The basic subject matter of this story was about two people that seemed to be in love with one another that eventually had to separate in the end. Ban Zhao- In the passage â€Å"Admonitions For Women,† it basically tells us about the way of the woman in ancient medieval China. This was a very informative outlook on the way the women were viewed and treated in China. It is a very recognizable literary work, but it is different from anything I have read. The way the modern woman is viewed today in the U. S. is very different than the way they were viewed in China. They were pretty much expected to do their part and do whatever the men needed done. If a woman was to mess up, they were expected to confess and admit it. If they did something good, they were expected not to mention it. Lady Murasaki- The type or style of â€Å"The Tale of Genji† was mainly romance. I have never seen a literary work that was quite like this. To me, it was hard to understand and comprehend. It did, however, give a good deal of information about the outlook on romance in Japanese cultures. Anna Comnena- The style of writing in the passage â€Å"The Alexiad† was basically just describing different people. It went in to great detail of describing every little thing about each person. Marie de France- I honestly did not understand this passage very well. For some reason it was harder to understand than the others. It obviously was a romantic story but I didn’t get it. 2. After reading the five passages, I found some similarities and some differences in the writers and their work. I found that three of the five passages were about romance. This tells me that these passages were obviously written in a romantic time in history. I think Ban Zhao tended to be more different from any of the other writers. In the passage she wrote, â€Å"Admonitions For Women,† she basically described the role of the woman in the ancient medieval China rather than romance. 3. In my opinion, I think there certainly is a uniquely feminine perspective. The reason for this is most of the time women have a different point of view or mind-set than men. Women tend to view things differently than men and that is just a natural trait. For example, something that means nothing to a man could mean the world to a woman. After reading â€Å"A Night’s Tale,† I think the tone is slightly different. I don’t think anyone could draw a conclusion to this simply because there are so many opinions and you couldn’t base your opinions on one passage. . The passage I enjoyed the most was â€Å"Admonitions For Women† by Ban Zhao. Something that really appealed to me in this passage was the way she elaborated on how the women of China used to be treated. It gave me a great sense of visualization and allowed me to really see what women had to go through. It also showed me how much different the role of the woman in China was rather than in the U. S. The reason I preferred reading this passage rather than the others was it was easier for me to read and it was very interesting in every aspect.