Essential components of culture - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1141 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Marketing Essay Type Analytical essay Level High school Did you like this example? A2. (Lowe, R. and Marriott, S., 2006) suggest that most entrepreneurs require certain qualities and experience for surviving in a new and hostile environment. Hofstede, G. (1980) has also differentiated culture in four dimensions: level of power distance, individualism collectivism, masculinity femininity and uncertainty avoidance. Doole and Lowe (2004) show 3 essential components of culture: Beliefs reflecting knowledge and assessments of particular situations and activities, Values regarded what is considered to be appropriate behaviour and Customs concerning behaviour in certain situations. They further explain components like language, religion, education, social organisations, law and politics, response to technology, values and attitudes, etc. Considering from the above indications, the advantages for SMEs moving to markets psychologically and geographically close to them are many-fold. Advantages include: Better understanding of the culture: The region in which an entrepreneur lives or is born in, is often close to him/her, both emotionally and socially. S/he better understands the locales culture, religion, language, customs and beliefs as s/he is brought up in that particular area. S/he also knows the customers and use effective means to satisfy their needs. Government and politics: The entrepreneur successfully understands the rules and regulations, government and political structure, their policies and may also gain government contacts and methods to know better about the local economy of a particular location and its neighbouring places. Knowing the legal procedures/matters and local employee management and their culture is quite easy. Local networks: The entrepreneur recognises and makes profitable relationships and contacts thereby, increasing professional networks subsequently. Family, friends and other social networks also support him/her emotionally and financially. Example: M.A. Yusuff Ali, CEO and founder of Lulu Hypermarkets: An Indian-born founder, who migrated to the Middle East four decades ago but remains an Indian citizen. After gaining experience, understanding how UAEs economy works and doing hard work, he opened the first store in Abu Dhabi in 1995. By the year 2000, his hypermarkets expanded to 11 stores in the rest of UAE. The hypermarkets now expand to more than 25 stores across the Middle East. Alongside his Middle East success, Yusuff Ali has been building business ties back home in India [Source: (Karmali, N., 2013), Forbes.com and Wikipedia]. In April 2013, Lulu Group has launched their operations in the UK with the inauguration of a logistics and packaging centre under the Y International name. (Trade Arabia, 2013) Another example is of Charlie Marshall, founder of the bed brand Loaf. He was asked in an interview about the idea of internationalisation. He replies that even though his company grew rapidly in his home ma rket, the UK market is enormous and although were building a strong and loyal customer following, we havent even scratched the surface. We want to get it right here first and do what were doing really, really well on all levels. Once weve done that, well look to expand into other markets. [Source: https://www.londonlovesbusiness.com/entrepreneurs/fast-growing-businesses-and-sme/meet-the-loafer-whos-built-a-20m-bed-business-in-five-years/7414.article] Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Essential components of culture" essay for you Create order Some challenges faced by SMEs moving to markets that are geographically or psychologically distant: Culture challenges: It is quite difficult to understand a distant markets cultural arrangement. Barriers could include understanding language, culture, religion, customs, beliefs, values, etc. The adjustability trait should also be harnessed to overcome these challenges and at an enterprise level, entrepreneur should normalise culture differences and conflicts (while valuing and respecting individual cultures) to create an effective communication and understanding throughout the enterprise. S/he should also create and follow policies that protect employees from all kinds of discrimination (especially during the recruitment and hiring process). Other challenges include over relying and trusting contacts as the SME may have limited knowledge of the new region, its economy, legal and political functions and bureaucracy. Also, facing discrimination or less attention from the foreign government as compared to the local businesses (in form of barriers or inhibitors) also poses challenges. I believe that the product/manufacturing sector faces more of these (above mentioned) issues. Service (especially internet and B2B) sectors face less issues. Because services provided are intangible and less culture dependant. Some enterprises actually modify their products/manufacturing processes to adapt to the culture. This includes different packaging, ingredients, advertisements, and techniques for different targeted regions customers. For the product/manufacturing sector, lets again take the example of BQ (Example taken from A1): The stores were a huge success and the Beijing store now boasts the highest average customer spend of any store in the world (over  £50). But it is the cultural similarities and differences and how they affected the retailer that are really interesting. The stores look very similar to those in the UK, although they are usually considerably bigger. At 20 000 sq. ft., the Beijing Golden Four Season store is the largest of its kind in the world. Like their UK counterparts, staff wear orange overalls. The products offered are also very similar, although the space devoted to garden products is considerably smaller and the Chinese BQ also sells soft furnishings. But the big difference is that Chinese customers do not want to do-it themselves at all, they prefer to get others to do it for them. The Chinese customers are typically middle class and wealthy. They come to the store to select what they want and get it installed by a professional. The reasons for this are partly cultural and partly economic BQ therefore started to offer more services to customers designers and contractors to install its products. (BQ case study). From the above example, it is clear that BQ didnt learn about their customers culture that they do not like to install DIY products themselves. Rather due to cheap availability of labours and other factors, they like the furnishings to be installed by the professional employees. But BQ learnt this soon enough to help them adapt to this change and eventually satisfy and retain customers. References: Lowe, R. and Marriott, S., (2006) Enterprise: Entrepreneurship and Innovation: Concepts, Contexts and Commercialisation, 1st ed., Taylor and Francis [Online] Available at https://capitadiscovery.co.uk/derby-ac/items/884805 (Accessed: April 12th 2014) Hofstede, G. (1980) Motivation, leadership and organization: do American theories apply abroad, Organizational Dynamics, Vol. 9 No. 1, pp. 42-63 (Accessed: April 12th 2014) Doole, I. and Lowe, R. (2004) International Marketing Strategy: Analysis, Development and Implementation, 4th edn. London: Thomson Learning Karmali, N., 2013, Middle East Retailer Yusuff Ali Emerges As Billionaire, Forbes.com Available at https://www.forbes.com/sites/naazneenkarmali/2013/02/24/middle-east-retailer-yusuff-ali-emerges-as-billionaire/ (Accessed: April 12th 2014) Wikipedia, Lulu Hypermarket, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lulu_Hypermark et (Accessed: April 12th 2014) Trade Arabia, 2013 LuLu opens logistics centre in Birmingham https://www.tradearabia.com/news/RET_233563.html BQ, Case study Available at: https://www.palgrave.com/business/burnsentrepreneurship/students/cases.html Wickham, P.A. (2006), Strategic Entrepreneurship, 4th edition, Financial Times Prentice Hall [On-line] Available at: https://capitadiscovery.co.uk/derby-ac/items/884969 (Accessed: April 10th 2014)

Technology Has On Our Knowledge And Skills - 1464 Words

Every civilization has its forms of the anti-hero within its lore and mythology. However, in today’s society that anti-hero is something that looks each of us in the face every morning when we wake up. It has penetrated almost every aspect of our lives. That anti-hero is technology. I’m calling technology an anti-hero because of the effects that it has on society and the methods it uses are sometime unorthodox. Technology has increased human knowledge and skills throughout the years, however, over that same time it took away older knowledge and skills fundamental to life. In the first section I’m going to address the positive effect of technology has on our knowledge and skills. In the second, I will focus on the negative ways technology affects knowledge and skills and how to mitigate it. Technology has become a driving force within human society whether humans want it to be or not it is there. This presence of technology has increased the amount of knowledge humans can obtain. The advancement in communication that have been developed over the years is one way our knowledge can be expanded. In the past if humans wanted to communicate over long distances they would have to send a runner out which could take weeks or months before it reach the intended person in which case the data would be out of date. Then once the printing press was invented it allowed mass spread of information quickly and cheaply, but it still took awhile for people to acquire the information. Now daysShow MoreRelatedHow Technology Has Changed Our Educational Skills And Knowledge Of The People1154 Words   |  5 Pages2015 Intermediate 02 R/W Changes in Education due to Technology As the world continues to advance, technology has become essential in most countries. In the past, using technology was not common among people like in today’s life. People have been using technology these days in each domain of their lives including entertainment, work, and education. 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Infrastructure Free Essays

Is infrastructure a key factor to the growth and stability of the economy? or is it a non-factor and needs not to be maintained and improved to better serve and help improve the economy. Infrastructure in general is the system of transport and communication in a state, region or country. A famous Canadian geographer was once quoted saying, â€Å"†¦ any region which has a well-developed transportation and communication network also enjoys a high degree of economic prosperity†¦ This statement has sparked much controversy between geographers, Politicians, as well as conomists. We will write a custom essay sample on Infrastructure or any similar topic only for you Order Now Question is, is there a link between a well-developed infrastructure and economy prosperity (economy growth)? Without a doubt, there is a direct link. Infrastructure facilitates the basic functions of a society that are necessary to transport resources and people, produce and trade goods, provide essential services and ultimately reduce poverty. The direct link can be understood better by looking at the effects of infrastructure. The drawbacks of poor infrastructure lead to high transport cost especially in landlocked areas, thus the economy gets affected. Employment is low where there is poor infrastructure. Lack of adequate infrastructure perpetuates poverty, because it denies possibilities. Affordability, it is relatively expensive to maintain and build. Due to this factors and the analyses from the department of treasury know is an ideal time to increase our investment because, infrastructure investments have long-term economic benefits and create Jobs in the short run, there is currently a high level of underutilized resources that can be used to improve and expand our infrastructure. The cost of transportation is lowered for American households, there is a strong demand by the public and businesses for dditional transport infrastructure capacity. Long-term economic benefits from infrastructure create Jobs in the short run and this is a crucial and important aspect of growth and economic stability in a country. As much as the infrastructure is important and maintaining it being so expensive, if the economy is not good it is hard to have a developed and well maintained infrastructure system. Research has shown that well-designed infrastructure investments can raise economic growth, productivity, and land values, while also providing significant spillovers to areas such as energy efficiency, public health and manufacturing. Thus to say both infrastructure and economy go hand in hand. They affect each other both negatively and positively. On June 29, 1956 President Dwight Eisenhower signed the federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956 â€Å"The national system of interstate and defense highways† according to Eisenhower the purpose of this was to eliminate unsafe roads, inefficient routes, traffic Jams and all of the other things that got in the way of â€Å"speedy, safe transcontinental travel. † for all these reasons the 1956 law declared that the construction of an elaborate expressway system was essential to the national interest and growth of the economy. Todays Interstate System is what our suburban lifestyle and caused the vast proliferation of businesses from HoJos to Holiday Inns. And if you order something online, most likely it’s a truck barreling along an interstate that gets the product to your door. there are a lot of undiscovered materials that we could use not only that we have all the man power and technology we need to build whatever we need to improve our infrastructure Among those who gain employment as a result of additional infrastructure investment, the average unemployment rate has averaged approximately 13 percent over the past 12 months. This is more than one and one- half times the current national unemployment rate. Within the construction sector, which accounts for the majority of direct employment resulting from infrastructure investment, the unemployment rate has averaged 15. 6 percent over the past 12 months. Construction costs and other costs associated with building projects are especially low in the current environment. As a result, the President has taken decisive action to accelerate project permitting and environmental review. In the President’s August 31, 2011, memorandum, he directed the heads of all executive epartments and agencies to: (1) identify and work to expedite permitting and environmental reviews for high-priority infrastructure projects with significant potential for Job creation; and (2) implement new measures designed to improve accountability, transparency, and efficiency through the use of modern information technology. Relevant agencies should monitor the progress of priority projects; coordinate and resolve issues arising during permitting and environmental review; and develop best practices for expediting these decisions that may be instituted on a ider scale, consistent with applicable law. In addition, in this year’s State of the Union address, the President announced his intention to â€Å"sign an executive order clearing away the red tape that slows down too many construction projects. † Investing in transportation infrastructure creates middleclass Jobs. Analysis suggests that 61 percent of the Jobs directly created by investing in infrastructure would be in the construction sector, 12 percent would be in the manufacturing sector, and 7 percent would be in the retail and wholesale trade sectors, for a total of 80 percent in hese three sectors. Nearly 90 percent of the Jobs in these three sectors most affected by infrastructure spending are middleclass Jobs, defined as those paying between the 25th and 75th percentile of the national distribution of wages. The President’s proposal emphasizes transportation choices, including mass transit and high-speed rail, to deliver the greatest long-term benefits to those who need it most: middle-class families. The average American family spends more than $7,600 a year on transportation, which is more than they spend on food and twice what they spend n out-of-pocket health care costs. For 90 percent of Americans, transportation costs absorb one out of every seven dollars of income. This burden is due in large and this calls for better infrastructure and investing more in it to make progress. Multi-modal transportation investments are critical to making sure that American families can travel without wasting time and money stuck in traffic. A more efficient transportation money. Traffic congestion on our roads results in 1. 9 billion gallons of gas wasted per year, and costs drivers over $100 billion in wasted fuel and lost time. More efficient ir traffic control systems would save 3 billion gallons of Jet fuel a year, translating into lower costs for consumers. Finally, new research indicates that Americans who were able to live in housing were able to save $200 per month in lower costs over the past decade. Americans want more transportation investment. After years of underinvestment in our transportation system, Americans’ satisfaction with our public transit system s middling when compared to public satisfaction with highways and public transit systems around the world. the Global competitiveness report for 2012-13, published arlier this month by the world economic forum showed that U. S infrastructure was ranked 7th in 2008, but has dropped to 14 in the world this year. The U. S. score dropped from 6. 10 in 2008 to 5. 7 this year (7 is the top score, and 1 is the worst score). One of the main reasons for the deterioration of U. S. infrastructure in the last five years, a deterioration which is reflected in the drop in ranking, is the economic downturn which began in 2008. Funding for roads, bridges, highways, and other critical infrastructure is largely dependent on state revenues, and as states ook less money in, they were forced to spend less on infrastructure maintenance and improvements. Passing the MAP-21 bill was an accomplishment for a do-little Congress, but serious issues about how to pay for transportation in the future have yet to be resolved. The recent highway bill, MAP-21 replaces SAFETEA-LU, the last long-term federal transportation bill, which expired in 2009 for example, it did not increase spending on transportation, even though lawmakers were aware of the need to do so. The 2009 stimulus package did help shore up some infrastructure, but was not nearly sufficient to meet the countrys needs. How to cite Infrastructure, Papers

Energy Metabolism free essay sample

The respiratory system consists of the nose, mouth, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi and lungs. These provide a passageway to allow air in and out of the body. Every cell in the body requires oxygen to survive. The primary function of the respiratory system is the exchange of gases. The respiratory system allows oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange, this is necessary to sustain life. During the process of breathing air is inhaled and carbon dioxide is exhaled, this change of gases occurs in the alveoli.The inhaled oxygen passes into the alveoli and then diffuses into arterial blood. The waste rich blood from the veins releases carbon dioxide into the alveoli which is released through exhaling. Air enters through nostrils which contain coarse hairs. The pharynx is shared between the digestive and respiratory system and extends between the nostrils and the larynx. The larynx joins the pharynx to the trachea; it consists of cartilages and is also known as the voice box. The trachea divides to form the primary bronchi, the left and right bronchi which the bronchi are two tubes that carry air into the lungs and they . reak down into smaller branches which are called bronchioles. At the end of these are air sacs called alveoli which absorb oxygen from the air. Oxygen diffuses from the alveoli into the blood where it is transported to every cell in the body. 98. 5% of oxygen is carried in the blood by being bound to hemoglobin and 1. 5% is carried by dissolving in the plasma. The pressure of the oxygen in the alveoli must be kept higher than blood pressure to maintain a concentration gradient. Breathing insures there is continuous fresh air brought into the lungs and alveoli. Alveoli have very thin walls and are abundant which means they are efficient in exchanging gases. Mechanisms of Breathing Breathing occurs of the changes of pressure within the thorax.When we inhale the intercostal muscles and diaphragm contract and expand the chest cavity. The diaphragm flattens and moves down and the rib cage is moved upwards and out by the intercostal muscles this increase the size of the lungs and draws air in. When we exhale the diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax and return to their original position. This reduces the size of the thoracic cavity and forces air out of the lungs. The Digestive System The digestive system allows food to be broken down and made soluble so it can be absorbed by the body.Once the food is absorbed by the body it is changed into energy to fuel the body. The main function of the digestive system is to break down the food and fluid so that they are simple chemicals that can easily be absorbed into the bloodstream so they can be transported around the body. The mouth is where chewing occurs; this chewing breaks the food down into pieces which can be more easily digested. Saliva mixes with the food in the mouth to begin the process of breaking it down into a form which the body can absorb. The esophagus receives food from the mouth after swallowing and then delivers it to the stomach.The stomach holds food which it is being mixed with enzymes which continue the process of breaking down the food into a useable form. When the contents of the stomach are processed they are released into the small intestine. In the small intestine food is broken down by enzymes released from the pancreas and bile from the liver, the food is moved through and mixed with digestive secretions. The small intestine is made up of three segments the duodenum, jejunum and the ileum, the jejunum and the ileum are mainly responsible from the absorption of nutrients in to the bloodstream.These contents start out semi-solid and end in a liquid form after passing through the organ. Water, bile, enzymes and mucous change its consistency, one the nutrients have been absorbed it then moves onto the large intestine. The large intestine connects to the rectum and is specialised in processing water so that emptying the bowels is easy. The pancreas is responsible for secreting digestive enzymes into the duodenum. These enzymes then break down protein, fats and carbohydrates. The pancreas is also responsible for making insulin and secreting it directly into the bloodstream.The livers main function within the digestive system is to process the nutrients which are absorbed from the small intestine. Bile is secreted from the liver into the small intestine and plays an important role in digesting fat. The liver also detoxifies potentially harmful chemicals and takes raw materials from the intestine and makes various chemicals the body needs to function. The Process The digestive process begins in the mouth; food is broken down by the chewing process and by the salivary enzymes which break starch down into smaller molecules.After being swallowed the food then enters the esophagus which runs from the mouth to the stomach. It forces food from the throat into the stomach using rhythmic movements. When the food reaches the stomach the food is partially digested and mixed with stomach acids to produce chyme. The food then reaches the small intestine where bile, pancreatic enzymes and other digestive enzymes help to break down food. When the food passes through the large intestine some of the water and chemicals are removed from the food. The bacterium in the large intestine helps the digestion process.After the food passes through the large intestine it is stored in the rectum until excreted. Glucose Our bodies main source of energy takes the form of glucose. This type of sugar comes from digesting carbohydrates into a chemical that is easily converted into energy. Most of our glucose comes from digesting the sugars and starch in food such as pasta, rice, fruits, potatoes and grain. The Enzyme Amylase breaks starch down into maltose and simple sugars which are then broken down to glucose in the small intestine.This form of energy then gets absorbed through the small intestine into the bloodstream. The chemical insulin meets the glucose and together they enter cells in the muscles and brain and allow the glucose to power activities. Energy The body has two main energy systems, aerobic and anaerobic energy. Energy is needed for growth, maintenance, activities and exercise. The amount of energy needed by the body is dependent on the intensity and duration of the exercise. Aerobic energy is usually the first to be used when the demand for energy increases.The extra demand for oxygen is met by an increase in the rate of breathing and an increase in blood supply met by an increase in heart rate. When the demand for oxygen by the body can’t be met the body uses anaerobic energy which can produce energy without oxygen. The energy required for aerobic energy is obtained by burning food stores with oxygen. It works by the breakdown of carbohydrate, fatty acids and some amino acids. This form of energy also uses slow twitch fibres and uses oxygen which means the energy can last longer. Anaerobic energy relies on the release of energy from food stores in the body without using any oxygen.This type of energy uses fast twitch fibres and it is used in short bursts intensive activity and results in the accumulation of lactic acid which is a waste product; this can result in muscle fatigue . Muscle fatigue is tiredness which happens when all the energy sources available are burned up and there is a buildup of lactic acid. They body also uses different forms of energy such as electrical energy which is used in the nervous system, chemical energy, kinetic energy, mechanical energy, light energy, sound energy, nuclear energy and heat energy. Anabolism is the process in which organisms make complex molecules and substances from less complex components. Anabolism leads to growth in organisms as molecules are produced from smaller components. This process of growth requires energy and raw components which are produced through catabolism, in which large molecules are broken down into simpler substances and together these processes make up the chemical process metabolism. Anabolism produced nearly all of the chemicals that organisms are composed of and produced proteins, lipids, nucleic acids and other substances which are essential in development, growth, maintenance and repair.Catabolism is essential for the proper functioning of anabolism. Catabolic processes such as digestion are responsible for breaking down large ad complex molecules into simple forms. Anabolism is responsible for building new molecules and catabolism is responsible for breaking down other molecules. Adenosine Tri Phosphate molecules are responsible for a wide range of activities within the cell. They are the main energy providers and main fuel for almost all processes that go on in a cell and also carried the energy which is necessary to facilitate all of the processes of human metabolism.The role of energy in the body is not only needed for muscular activity and movement but is also necessary to circulate blood, lymph and tissue fluid through the body, is necessary for breathing and respiration, is necessary for making new cells, growth and repair and is used to transmit nerve impulses so we are able to respond to changes in the environment. Oxygen + Glucose - Energy + Water + Carbon Dioxide During the process of breathing air is inhaled and carbon dioxide is exhaled, this change of gases occurs in the alveoli. The inhaled oxygen passes into the alveoli and then diffuses into arterial blood.The waste rich blood from the veins releases carbon dioxide into the alveoli which is r eleased through exhaling. The respiratory system provides the body with oxygen which can chemically react with glucose which is a type of sugar which comes from digesting carbohydrates into a chemical which is easily converted into energy. Respiration also removes the carbon dioxide which is produced by the reaction which creates energy. The cardiovascular system is vital to pump the oxygenated blood round the body at a rate which meets the energy requirements.The heart rate will increase to provide the body with more oxygen as the intensity and duration of exercise increases. This oxygen will then react with glucose to provide the body with energy. The liver produces bile that is stored in the gall bladder and is then secreted into the small intestine to help with the process of digestion, bile emulsifies fats breaking the large molecules into smaller pieces. The liver and the kidneys are important in glucose metabolism. The liver converts glucose into glycogen which provides the body with a short term energy store. Long term energy storage is contained in fat cells.The liver also converts glycogen back into glucose for immediate use and releases it into the blood stream for the muscles to use. The kidneys main role is to remove waste products and excess fluids from the body. When the chemical reaction, Oxygen + Glucose - Energy + Water + Carbon Dioxide occurs, the excess water which is produced is removed from the body by the kidneys. The respiratory system and the digestive system interrelate by enabling oxygen and glucose to get into the blood stream so that the chemical reaction Oxygen + Glucose - Energy + Water + Carbon Dioxide can occur to produce energy.The sugar stored produced by this chemical reaction can be converted immediately into energy is used to enable the person to perform tasks or is stored until the energy is needed. The amount of energy that we receive from different types of food is measured in calories. The glucose which is released into the blood stream can be automatically converted into energy; any extra glucose that isn’t needed is converted to glycogen and is stored in the muscle tissues and liver. This stored glucose can be used for energy during aerobic exercise or can be released by the liver when blood glucose levels drop.